Accidental Tooth Loss: 

If a permanent tooth is knocked out due to some accident, a dentist can restore it.  Of course, a baby tooth has to come out anyway.  The tooth is required only for permanent teeth.

In case of tooth knockout, call your dentist immediately for an emergency visit.  Reimplanting a tooth must be done within 30 minutes to 1 hour.  There is less possibility of success if the time-lapse is more than two hours.      You can carry the tooth by placing in a small container of milk or put it between the gum and cheek and utmost care should be taken to avoid accidental swallowing.   

Dog Bite

When bitten by a dog, most people want to know if they need a rabies injection.  If the dog is a street dog then rabies treatment is required.  Otherwise, if the dog is a pet dog and regular vaccination is taken care then rarely rabies shots are required. 

In case of a dog bite, scrub the bite immediately with soap and water and treat it like any normal wound.  If you are bitten by a stray dog ( or not sure of a pet’s vaccination history), you have to visit a doctor immediately.   

Blood under a nail

Fingernails and toenails are susceptible to crunching or smashing.  These injuries usually are not too serious, but if there is bleeding under the nail, the pressure can be very painful.  They only ay to relieve the pain is by making a hole in the nail to drain the blood.   Draining is helpful only if you have severe, throbbing pain that is bad enough to keep you from sleeping. 

In case of pain, apply ice and elevate the injured area as soon as possible to minimize swelling and relieve pain.  If you have severe, throbbing pain only then make a hole to relieve the pressure. 

Blunt Abdominal Wounds:

Blunt abdominal wounds caused by a blow to the stomach can cause severe bruising of the abdominal wall and bleed from the internal organs.  Such injuries are often caused by automobile,  or bicycle when the victim is thrown into an object or to the ground.  An abdominal injury may cause the abdomen to become tender or rigid.

Monitor the injured person’s pulse and respiration rate.  A rapid, weak pulse, very rapid or very slow breathing, r falling blood pressure may indicate internal bleeding.  In case of any of these symptoms, the injured person should be taken to a nearby hospital immediately.

Breathing Difficulties:

Any breathing difficulties must be handled with utmost caution.    Improper CPR or CPR performed on a person whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.  Never perform CPR unless you are sure of the necessity. 

For basic life support, always remember ABC: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. A:  Open the airways, clear any foreign material from the mouth with your fingers.  B: Begin rescue breathing. C: Check for circulation – such as normal breathing, coughing, or movement in response to rescue breaths.

Bruises:

Bruises are caused by ruptured blood vessels under the skin.  Blood seeps into the surrounding tissues, causing the bland-and blue color of a bruise.  Bruises usually develop after a bump or fall. 

Apply ice or cold packs for up to 10 minutes every 1 to 2 hours.  Do this for the first 48 hours to help blood vessels constrict and to reduce swelling.  If possible, elevate the area of the bruise above the level of your heart.  If the area is still painful after 48 hours, use ice or apply heat with warm towels.

Burns:

Burns are classified as first, second or third-degree depending on their depth, not on the amount of pain or the extent of the burn.  A first-degree burn involves only the outer layer of skin.  A second-degree burn involves several layers of skin.  A third-degree burn involves all layers of skin and may include any underlying tissues or organs. 

Third-degree burns require immediate medical treatment.  First- and second- degree burns can be treated at home – (a) by running cold tap water over the burn for 10 to 15 minutes;

Choking:

Choking is usually caused by food or an object stuck in the windpipe.  A person who is choking cannot cough, talk, or breathe, and may turn blue or dusky. 

Do not give popcorn, peanuts or hard candy to children younger than 3 years.  Do not allow children younger than three years to play with toys that have very small parts.  Never eat large pieces of meat.  Always chew your food thoroughly. 

Cuts:

When you see a cut, the first steps are to stop the bleeding and determine whether stitches are needed.  If the cut is bleeding heavily then should opt for medical intervention immediately. 

Head Injuries:

Most bumps on the head are minor and heal as easily as bumps anywhere else.  Head injuries that cause cuts often bleed heavily because the blood vessels of the scalp are close to the skin’s surface.  In children, blood loss from a scalp injury may be enough to cause symptoms of shock.  Head injuries that do not cause visible external bleeding may have caused life-threatening bleeding and swelling inside the skull. Anyone who has experienced a head injury should be watched carefully for 24 hours for signs of a severe head injury.

Heart Attack:

Many people mistake heart attack symptoms for other problems, such as indigestion, heartburn, or a pulled muscle.  It is important to recognize the signals your body sends during the early stages of a heart attack and seek emergency care.  Medical treatment is needed immediately to prevent muscle damage or death.  Sometimes, medications can be given to avoid the heart muscle damage caused by a heart attack.

Nosebleeds:

Nosebleeds are inconvenient and messy, but they can usually be stopped with home treatment  Some common causes of nosebleeds are low humidity, colds and allergies blow to the nose, medications (such as aspirin), high altitude, and blowing your nose. 

When nosebleeding, sit up straight and tip your head slightly forward.  Tilting your head back may cause blood to run down your throat. 

Objects in the Ear:

Children sometimes put small objects in their ears, or an insect may crawl into the ear.  It may be hard to know if an insect is in the ear.  Your child may say, “My ear is bumping around”.

Don’t try to kill an insect inside a person’s ear.  Pull the ear up and back and point it toward the sun or bright light.  Insects are attracted to light, so the insect may crawl out.

Snake Bites:

While thousands of people are bitten by sake every year in India, only few can’t survive the bute.  There are several venomous snakes and several non-venomous snakes.  So, the probability of a byte due to a venomous snake is almost less than 50%.

Sun Stroke:

Sunstroke or Heat exhaustion occurs when your body cannot sweat enough to cool your off.  It generally develops when you are working or exercising in hot weather.  Symptoms of sunstroke are – fatigue, weakness, headache, dizziness, or nausea. 

Avoid exhaustive physical activity outdoors during Summer.  Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing to reflect the sun.  Avoid sudden changes of temperature.  Air out a hot car before getting into it.

Unconsciousness:

An unconscious person is completely unaware of what is going on and is unable to make any voluntary body movements.  Fainting is a brief form of unconsciousness.  A coma is a prolonged form of unconsciousness.

Causes of unconsciousness include stores, epilepsy, heatstroke, coma due to diabetic,  head injury, or heart attack.    Always ensure, unconscious person can breathe.  Check for breathing if required open the airway and begin rescue breathing 

Wounds:

Wounds are caused by sharp, pointed objects.  Nails, knives, needles, and animal bites can cause wounds.  Wounds become infected easily because bacteria can easily grow.  For any wound, make sure nothing is left in the wound.  Allow the wound to bleed freely to clean itself out unless the blood loss is large.  Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Apply Dettol or some other anti-septic.